أحداث
- 69 - فيتليوس يصبح إمبراطورًا للإمبراطورية الرومانية وذلك بعد "معركة بدرياكم الأولى".
- 1509 - البابا يوليوس الثاني يضع حجر الأساس لبناء كاتدرائية القديس بطرس في الفاتيكان.
- 1895
- توقيع معاهدة شيمونوسيكي والتي إعترفت الصين فيها باستقلال كوريا وأعادت
بعض المقاطعات ومنها تايوان إلى اليابان ووافقت على دفع نفقات الإصلاح. - 1939 - الإعلان عن قيام جمهورية غواتيمالا.
- 1946 - جلاء الفرنسيين عن سوريا وإنهاء الانتداب الفرنسي عليها.
- 1961
- أول هجوم على جزيرة كوبا بعد نجاح الثورة مباشرة من قبل قوات معادية
للنظام الجديد في هافانا وبدعم من الولايات المتحدة وذلك لمحاولة الإطاحة
بالزعيم الجديد فيدل كاسترو، وقد فشل هذا الهجوم فشل ذريع الذي عرف باسم
غزو خليج الخنازير. - 1963 - توقيع ميثاق الوحدة الثلاثي بين مصر وسوريا والعراق.
- 1966 - انتخاب عبد الرحمن عارف رئيسًا للجمهورية العراقية خلفًا لأخيه عبد السلام عارف الذي قتل بحادث طائرة.
- 1980 - قطع العلاقات الدبلوماسية بين الولايات المتحدة وإيران بسبب أزمة الرهائن الأمريكيين المحتجزين في طهران.
- 1984 - شرطية بريطانية تلقى مصرعها بعد إطلاق نار من مبنى السفارة الليبية في لندن.
- 1988 - وقوع معركة تحرير الفاو، وهي المعركة الفاصلة في الحرب العراقية الإيرانية.
- 1992 - لجنة ترسيم الحدود الكويتية / العراقية تقر الخريطة النهائية للحدود البرية المشتركة بين البلدين.
- 1993 - وفاة رئيس تركيا تورغوت أوزال، ورئيس البرلمان بولات كيندوروك يتولى بالنيابة مهام الرئيس.
- 2000
- افتتاح المركز العلمي التابع لمؤسسة الكويت للتقدم العلمي بحضور أمير
دولة الكويت جابر الأحمد الصباح ورئيس الجمهورية اللبنانية إميل لحود. - 2004 - اغتيال القائد في حركة حماس عبد العزيز الرنتيسي على يد الجيش الإسرائيلي.
- 2008 -
- مرسوم رئاسي بتأسيس محافظتي حلوان و6 أكتوبر في مصر.
- إصدار العدد الأول من صحيفة ذا ناشيونال باللغة الإنجليزية في أبوظبي.
مواليد
- 1948 - يان هامر، موسيقي تشيكي.
- 1951 - هورست هروبريتش، لاعب ومدرب كرة قدم ألماني.
- 1952 - فؤاد الهاشم، كاتب صحفي كويتي.
- 1959 - شون بين، ممثل إنجليزي.
- 1972 - جينيفر غارنر، ممثلة أمريكية.
- 1974 - فيكتوريا بيكام، مغنية إنجليزية.
- 1976 - ناصر درويش، لاعب كرة قدم كويتي.
- 1985 - جو ويلفرد تسونجا، لاعب كرة مضرب فرنسي.
وفيات
- 1790 - بنجامين فرانكلين، سياسي أمريكي.
- 1892 - ألكسندر ماكينزي، رئيس وزراء كندا.
- 1942 - جن بيرين، عالم فيزياء فرنسي حاصل على جائزة نوبل في الفيزياء عام 1926.
- 1976 - هنريك دام، عالم فيزيولوجيا وكيمياء حيوية دنماركي حاصل على جائزة نوبل في الطب عام 1943.
- 1986 - مارسيل داسولت، رجل أعمال وصانع طائرات فرنسي.
- 1993 - تورغوت أوزال، رئيس تركيا.
- 2003 ـ جف شيل، عالم بيولوجيا جزيئية بلجيكي.
- 2004 - عبد العزيز الرنتيسي، قائد حركة حماس.
- 2007 - حسن أبو السعود، موسيقي مصري.
- 2008 - إيمي سيزير، شاعر وكاتب وسياسي فرنسي.
- 2011 - ناصر الخرافي، رجل أعمال كويتي.
أعياد ومناسبات
- عيد الجلاء في سوريا.
- يوم الأسير الفلسطيني.
Events
- 69 – After the First Battle of Bedriacum, Vitellius becomes Roman Emperor.
- 1080 – King of Denmark Harald III dies and is succeeded by Canute IV, who would later be the first Dane to be canonized.
- 1397
– Geoffrey Chaucer tells the Canterbury Tales for the first time at the
court of Richard II. Chaucer scholars have also identified this date
(in 1387) the start of the book's pilgrimage to Canterbury. - 1492 – Spain and Christopher Columbus sign the Capitulations of Santa Fe for his voyage to Asia to acquire spices.
- 1521
– Trial of Martin Luther over his his teachings begins during the
assembly of the Diet of Worms. Initially intimidated, he asks for time
to reflect before answering and is given a stay of one day. - 1524 – Giovanni da Verrazzano reaches New York harbor.
- 1555
– After 18 months of siege, Siena surrenders to the Florentine-Imperial
army. The Republic of Siena is incorporated into the Grand Duchy of
Tuscany. - 1797 – Sir Ralph Abercromby
attacks San Juan, Puerto Rico in what would be one of the largest
invasions of the Spanish territories in America. - 1797
– Citizens of Verona, Italy, begin an eight-day rebellion against the
French occupying forces, which will end unsuccessfully. - 1864 – American Civil War: The Battle of Plymouth begins – Confederate forces attack Plymouth, North Carolina.
- 1895
– The Treaty of Shimonoseki between China and Japan is signed. This
marks the end of the First Sino-Japanese War, and the defeated Qing
Empire is forced to renounce its claims on Korea and to concede the
southern portion of the Fengtien province, Taiwan and the Pescadores
Islands to Japan. - 1897 – The Aurora, Texas UFO incident
- 1905 – The Supreme Court of the United States decides Lochner v. New York
which holds that the "right to free contract" is implicit in the due
process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States
Constitution. - 1907 – The Ellis Island immigration center processes 11,747 people, more than on any other day.
- 1912 – Russian troops open fire on striking goldfield workers in northeast Siberia, killing at least 150.
- 1941 – World War II: The Kingdom of Yugoslavia surrenders to Germany.
- 1942 – French prisoner of war General Henri Giraud escapes from his castle prison in Festung Königstein.
- 1944
– Forces of the Communist-controlled Greek People's Liberation Army
attack the smaller National and Social Liberation resistance group,
which surrenders. Its leader Dimitrios Psarros is murdered. - 1945 – Brazilian forces liberate the town of Montese, Italy, from German Nazi forces.
- 1946 – Syria obtains its Independence from the French occupation.
- 1949
– At midnight 26 Irish counties officially leave the British
Commonwealth. A 21-gun salute on O'Connell Bridge, Dublin, ushers in the
Republic of Ireland. - 1951 – The Peak District becomes the United Kingdom's first National Park.
- 1961
– Bay of Pigs Invasion: A group of CIA financed and trained Cuban
exiles lands at the Bay of Pigs in Cuba with the aim of ousting Fidel
Castro. - 1964 – Jerrie Mock becomes the first woman to circumnavigate the world by air.
- 1969 – Sirhan Sirhan is convicted of assassinating Robert F. Kennedy.
- 1969 – Czechoslovakian Communist Party chairman Alexander Dubček is deposed.
- 1970 – Apollo program: The ill-fated Apollo 13 spacecraft returns to Earth safely.
- 1971 – The People's Republic of Bangladesh forms, under Sheikh Mujibur Rahman at Mujibnagor.
- 1975 – The Cambodian Civil War ends. The Khmer Rouge captures the capital Phnom Penh and Cambodian government forces surrender.
- 1978 – Mir Akbar Khyber was assassinated, provoking a communist coup d'état in Afghanistan.
- 1982 – Patriation of the Canadian constitution in Ottawa by Proclamation of Queen Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada.
- 1984
– Police Constable Yvonne Fletcher is killed by gunfire from the Libyan
People's Bureau in London during a small demonstration outside the
embassy. Ten others are wounded. The events lead to an 11-day siege of
the building. - 1986 – The Three Hundred and Thirty Five Years' War between the Netherlands and the Isles of Scilly ends.
- 2006 – Sami Hammad, a Palestinian suicide bomber, detonates an explosive device in Tel Aviv, killing 11 people and injuring 70.
- 1278 – Michael IX Palaeologus, co-ruling Eastern Roman Emperor (d. 1320)
- 1573 – Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria (d. 1651)
- 1586 – John Ford, English dramatist
- 1598 – Giovanni Riccioli, Italian astronomer (d. 1671)
- 1620 – Marguerite Bourgeoys, founder of the Congregation of Notre Dame (d. 1700)
- 1622 – Henry Vaughan, Welsh poet (d. 1695)
- 1683 – Johann David Heinichen, German Baroque composer and music theorist (d. 1729)
- 1710 – Henry Erskine, 10th Earl of Buchan, British Freemason (d. 1767)
- 1734 – Taksin, King of Thailand (d. 1782)
- 1741 – Samuel Chase, Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (d. 1811)
- 1750 – François de Neufchâteau, French statesman and intellectual figure (d. 1828)
- 1756 – Dheeran Chinnamalai, Indian Freedom Fighter, Tamil Revolutionist (d. 1805)
- 1766
– Collin McKinney, one of five individuals who drafted the Texas
Declaration of Independence and its oldest signatory (d. 1861) - 1794 – Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius, German botanist (d. 1868)
- 1798 – Étienne Bobillier, French mathematician (d. 1840)
- 1814 – Josif Pančić, Serbian botanist (d. 1888)
- 1816 – Thomas Hazlehurst, English Methodist chapel builder (d. 1876)
- 1820 – Alexander Joy Cartwright, Inventor of the Modern Game of Baseball (d. 1892)
- 1833 – Jean-Baptiste Accolay, Belgian composer (d. 1900)
- 1837 – J. P. Morgan, American financier (d. 1913)
- 1842 – Maurice Rouvier, French statesman (d. 1911)
- 1849 – William R. Day, American diplomat and Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (d. 1923)
- 1852 – Cap Anson, American Baseball Hall of Famer (d. 1922)
- 1863 – Augustus Edward Hough Love, English mathematician (d. 1940)
- 1865 – Ursula Julia Ledochowska, Polish-Austrian Catholic saint (d. 1939)
- 1866 – Ernest Starling, British physiologist (d. 1927)
- 1877 – Matsudaira Tsuneo, Japanese diplomat (d. 1949)
- 1878 – Emil Fuchs, German-born American attorney and baseball owner (d. 1961)
- 1882 – Artur Schnabel, Polish pianist (d. 1951)
- 1884 – Leo Frank, American victim of lynching (d. 1915)
- 1885 – Karen Blixen (Isak Dinesen), Danish author (d. 1962)
- 1890 – Art Acord, American actor and rodeo rider (d. 1931)
- 1891 – George Adamski, Polish-American author and ufologist (d. 1965)
- 1896 – Señor Wences, Spanish ventriloquist (d. 1999)
- 1897 – Thornton Wilder, American dramatist (d. 1975)
- 1902 – Jaime Torres Bodet, Mexican politician (d. 1974)
- 1903 – Gregor Piatigorsky, Russian cellist (d. 1976)
- 1903 – Nicolas Nabokov, Russian-born composer, writer, and cultural figure (d. 1978)
- 1903 – Morgan Taylor, American athlete (d. 1975)
- 1905 – Louis Jean Heydt, American actor (d. 1960)
- 1905 – Arthur Lake, American actor (d. 1987)
- 1906 – Sidney R. Garfield, American physician (d. 1984)
- 1909 – Alain Poher, French politician (d. 1996)
- 1910 – Evangelos Averoff, Greek politician (d. 1990)
- 1910 – Ivan Goff, Australian screenwriter (d. 1999)
- 1911 – Hervé Bazin, French writer (d. 1996)
- 1911 – Lester Rodney, American journalist (d. 2009)
- 1912 – Marta Eggerth, Hungarian-born actress and singer, naturalized citizen of the United States
- 1914 – George W. Davis, American art director (d. 1984)
- 1915 – Joe Foss, United States Marine and politician (d. 2003)
- 1915 – Martin Clemens, Scottish guerilla fighter (d. 2009)
- 1915 – Sirimavo Bandaranaike, Sri Lankan politician and the world's first female head of government (d. 2000)
- 1916 – Helenio Herrera, French footballer player and manager (d. 1997)
- 1917 – Bill Clements, American politician (d. 2011)
- 1918 – William Holden, American actor (d. 1981)
- 1919 – Gilles Lamontagne, French Canadian politician
- 1919 – Chavela Vargas, Costa Rican-Mexican singer
- 1920 – Edmonde Charles-Roux, French journalist and writer
- 1923 – Lindsay Anderson, English film director (d. 1994)
- 1923 – Gianni Raimondi, Italian tenor (d. 2008)
- 1923 – Harry Reasoner, American journalist (d. 1991)
- 1923 – Solly Hemus, American baseball player
- 1925 – Erich Göstl, German War Hero (d. 1990)
- 1925 – René Moawad, Lebanese politician (d. 1989)
- 1926 – Gerry McNeil, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2004)
- 1928 – Cynthia Ozick, American writer
- 1928 – Fabien Roy, Canadian politician
- 1929 – James Last, German band leader
- 1929 – Peggy McKercher, 11th Chancellor of the University of Saskatchewan
- 1929 – Michael Forest, American actor
- 1930 – Chris Barber, British jazz band leader
- 1934 – Don Kirshner, American composer (d. 2011)
- 1937 – Ferdinand Piëch, Austrian-German automotive engineer and executive
- 1938 – Ben Barnes, American politician
- 1938 – Doug Lewis, Canadian politician
- 1938 – Kerry Wendell Thornley, co-founder of Discordianism
- 1939 – Robert Miller, American art dealer (d. 2011)
- 1940 – Billy Fury, British singer (d. 1983)
- 1940 – John McCririck, English television horse racing pundit
- 1940 – Anja Silja, German soprano
- 1942 – David Bradley, British actor
- 1942 – Kenas Aroi, Nauruan politician
- 1943 – Richard Allen Epstein, American lawyer
- 1947 – Linda Martin, Irish singer
- 1947 – Tsutomu Wakamatsu, Japanese baseball player
- 1948 – Jan Hammer, Czech composer
- 1950 – L. Scott Caldwell, American actress
- 1950 – Bruce McNall, American former NHL team owner
- 1951 – Olivia Hussey, Argentine-born actress
- 1951 – Börje Salming, Swedish ice hockey player
- 1952 – Pierre Guite, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1952 – Željko Ražnatović, Serbian warlord (d. 2000)
- 1954 – Riccardo Patrese, Italian race car driver
- 1954 – Rowdy Roddy Piper, Canadian professional wrestler
- 1954 – Michael Sembello, American musician
- 1954 – Lester Square, Canadian musician (The Monochrome Set)
- 1955 – Todd Lickliter, American basketball coach
- 1955 – Pete Shelley, British musician (Buzzcocks)
- 1957 – Nick Hornby, English author
- 1957 – Susan Roman, Canadian voice actress
- 1959 – Sean Bean, English actor
- 1961 – Boomer Esiason, American football player and commentator
- 1961 – Frank J. Christensen, American labor leader
- 1963 – Joel Murray, American actor
- 1964 – Maynard James Keenan, American singer (Tool and A Perfect Circle)
- 1964 – Ken Daneyko, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1964 – Lela Rochon, American actress
- 1965 – William Mapother, American actor
- 1965 – Yoshiki Kuroda, Japanese urban planner
- 1966 – Vikram, Indian actor
- 1967 – Marquis Grissom, American baseball player
- 1967 – Henry Ian Cusick, Peruvian-born Scottish actor
- 1967 – Kimberly Elise, American actress
- 1967 – Timothy Gibbs, American actor
- 1967 – Liz Phair, American musician/songwriter
- 1967 – Leslie Bega, American actress
- 1968 – Prince Maurits of the Netherlands
- 1970 – Redman, American rapper
- 1972 – Gary Bennett, American baseball player
- 1972 – Tony Boselli, American football player
- 1972 – Jennifer Garner, American actress
- 1972 – Muttiah Muralitharan, Sri Lankan cricketer
- 1972 – Jarkko Wiss, Finnish Footballer
- 1972 – Terran Sandwith, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1972 – Claire Sweeney, English actress
- 1972 – Yuichi Nishimura, Japan referee football player
- 1973 – Brett Maher, Australian basketballer
- 1973 – Theo Ratliff, American basketball player
- 1973 – Kaihō Ryōji, Japanese sumo wrestler
- 1974 – Victoria Beckham, English singer (Spice Girls)
- 1974 – Mikael Åkerfeldt, Swedish guitarist and singer (Opeth)
- 1975 – Gabriel Soto, Mexican actor
- 1975 – Travis Roy, American hockey player
- 1976 – Monet Mazur, American actress and musician
- 1976 – Alex Nesic, American actor
- 1976 – Aňa Geislerová, Czech actress
- 1977 – Chad Hedrick, American speed skater
- 1977 – Phil Jamieson, Australian singer (Grinspoon)
- 1977 – Frederik Magle, Danish composer, organist and pianist
- 1977 – Sizzla, Jamaican dancehall artist
- 1978 – Lindsay Hartley, American actress
- 1978 – Loukas Louka, Greek-Cypriot footballer
- 1978 – Jason White, Scottish rugby player
- 1979 – Eric Brewer, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1979 – Siddharth Narayan, Indian actor
- 1979 – Sung Si Kyung, Korean singer
- 1980 – Curtis Woodhouse, English footballer/boxer
- 1980 – Lee Hyun-il, South Korean badminton player
- 1980 – Nicholas D'Agosto, American television and film actor
- 1980 – Fabián Andrés Vargas, Colombian football player
- 1981 – Hanna Pakarinen, Finnish singer
- 1981 – Ryan Raburn, American baseball player
- 1981 – Zhang Yaokun, Chinese football player
- 1982 – Lee Jun Ki, South Korean actor and model
- 1982 – Brad Boyes, Canadian hockey player
- 1983 – Stanislav Chistov, Russian hockey player
- 1983 – Roberto Jimenez, Peruvian football player
- 1983 – Andrea Marcato, Italian rugby player
- 1984 – Jed Lowrie, American baseball player
- 1984 – Pablo Sebastián Álvarez, Argentine footballer
- 1985 – Jo-Wilfried Tsonga, French tennis player
- 1985 – Rooney Mara, American actress
- 1987 – Jacqueline MacInnes Wood, Canadian actress, DJ and singer
- 1989 – Paraskevi Papahristou, Greek triple jumper
- 1990 – Jonathan Brown, Welsh footballer
- 1995 – Paulie Litt, American actor
- 1996 – Dee Dee Davis, American actress
- 326 – Alexander of Alexandria, Patriarch of Alexandria
- 485 – Proclus, Greek philosopher (b. 412)
- 617 – Donnán of Eigg, Celtic Christian martyr, patron saint of Eigg
- 1080 – King Harald III of Denmark (b. 1041)
- 1427 – John IV, Duke of Brabant (b. 1403)
- 1539 – George, Duke of Saxony (b. 1471)
- 1574 – Joachim Camerarius, German classical scholar (b. 1500)
- 1680 – Kateri Tekakwitha, first American Indian to receive beatification (b. 1656)
- 1695 – Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, Mexican writer
- 1696 – Marie de Rabutin-Chantal, French writer (b. 1626)
- 1711 – Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1678)
- 1713 – David Hollatz, Pomeranian dogmatician (b. 1648)
- 1742 – Arvid Horn, Swedish statesman (b. 1664)
- 1761 – Thomas Bayes, English mathematician
- 1764 – Johann Mattheson, German composer (b. 1681)
- 1790 – Benjamin Franklin, American inventor, diplomat, and printer (b. 1706)
- 1799 – Richard Jupp, English architect (b. 1728)
- 1843 – Samuel Morey, American inventor (b. 1762)
- 1849 – Pedro Ignacio de Castro Barros, Argentine statesman and priest (b. 1777)
- 1873 – Fyodor Petrovich Tolstoy, Russian painter (b. 1783)
- 1882 – George Jennings Sanitary engineer (b. 1810)
- 1892 – Alexander Mackenzie, 2nd Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1822)
- 1902 – Francis of Assisi of Bourbon, King Consort of Spain (b. 1822)
- 1921 – Manwel Dimech, Maltese philosopher and social reformer (b. 1860)
- 1930 – Alexander Golovin, Russian painter (b. 1863)
- 1933 – Konstantine Marjanishvili, Georgian theatre director (b. 1872)
- 1936 – Charles Ruijs de Beerenbrouck, Dutch Prime Minister (b. 1873)
- 1937 – Yi Sang, Korean poet (b. 1910)
- 1941 – Al Bowlly, British dance band vocalist (b. 1899)
- 1942 – Jean Perrin, French physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1870)
- 1944 – J.T. Hearne, English cricketer (b. 1867)
- 1944 – Dimitrios Psarros, Greek army officer and resistance fighter (b. 1893)
- 1954 – Lucreţiu Pătrăşcanu, Romanian communist activist (b. 1900)
- 1960 – Eddie Cochran, American musician (b. 1938)
- 1967 – Red Allen, American jazz trumpeter (b. 1908)
- 1975 – Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, Indian philosopher (b. 1888)
- 1976 – Henrik Dam, Danish biochemist, Nobel laureate (b. 1895)
- 1977 – William Conway, Irish cardinal (b. 1913)
- 1983 – Felix Pappalardi, American musician and recording producer (b. 1939) (Mountain)
- 1984 – Claude Provost, French Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1933)
- 1985 – Takis Miliadis, Greek actor (b. 1922)
- 1985 – Evadne Price (aka Helen Zenna Smith), British writer (b. 1896)
- 1987 – Cecil Harmsworth King, owner of Mirror Group Newspapers (b. 1901)
- 1987 – Dick Shawn, Actor and Comedian (b. 1923)
- 1988 – Louise Nevelson, American sculptor (b. 1900)
- 1990 – Reverend Ralph Abernathy, American civil rights activist (b. 1936)
- 1993 – Turgut Ozal, 8th president of Turkey (b. 1927)
- 1994 – Roger Wolcott Sperry, American neurobiologist, Nobel laureate (b. 1913)
- 1995 – Frank E. Resnik, American business executive (b. 1928)
- 1996 – Piet Hein, Danish scientist and poet (b. 1905)
- 1997 – Allan Francovich, American documentarian (b. 1941)
- 1997 – Chaim Herzog, President of Israel (1983–1993) (b. 1918)
- 1998 – Linda McCartney, American designer and photographer (b. 1941)
- 2003 – Robert Atkins, American dietician (b. 1930)
- 2003 – H. B. Bailey, American racing driver (b. 1936)
- 2003 – John Paul Getty Jr., American-born philanthropist (b. 1932)
- 2003 – Earl King, American musician and songwriter (b. 1934)
- 2003 – Yiannis Latsis, Greek shipping tycoon (b. 1910)
- 2004 – Edmond Pidoux, Swiss writer (b. 1908)
- 2004 – Soundarya, Indian actress (b. 1971)
- 2006 – Jean Bernard, French physician and haematologist (b. 1907)
- 2006 – Scott Brazil, American television producer and director. (b. 1955)
- 2007 – Kitty Carlisle, American actress and television personality (b. 1910)
- 2007 – Gil Dobrică, Romanian singer (b. 1946)
- 2008 – Aimé Césaire, French Martinican poet and politician (b. 1913)
- 2008 – Danny Federici, American organ player (E-Street Band) (b. 1950)
- 2011 – Eric Gross, Austrian-Australian composer (b. 1926)
- 2011 – Nikos Papazoglou, Greek singer and songwriter (b. 1948)
- 2011 – AJ Perez, Filipino teen actor (b. 1993)
- 2011 – Michael Sarrazin, Canadian actor (b. 1940)
Holidays and observances
- Christian Feast Day:
- Blessed Kateri Tekakwitha (Canada)
- Pope Anicetus
- April 17 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)